Sciatica
What is Sciatica?
Sciatica is a painful condition brought about by inflammation, irritation or trauma to the largest and longest nerve in the human body, the sciatic nerve. The characteristic feature of sciatica is a radiating pain that follows the path of the sciatic nerve, originating from the lower back area, passing the buttocks and farther down the lower extremities. The sciatic nerve is responsible for the sensation in the legs and the motor activities of the muscles located at the thighs, knees, calves, ankles and feet. Simply put, the sciatic nerve is responsible for the ability to feel and move for both lower limbs.
Causes of Sciatica
The most common cause of sciatica is a slipped vertebral disc. Discs are present between bones in the vertebra and this serves as a cushion, absorbing the shock when a person is bending, jumping or lifting heavy objects. The problem happens when a disc slips out of its place, compressing the sciatic nerve. The person will then start to manifest the signs and symptoms related to sciatica. Other causes of sciatica include the presence of tumors that impinge on the nerve, trauma related to accidents, and pregnancy.
Signs & Symptoms of Sciatica
A patient with sciatica comes to the doctor complaining of a severe burning pain that radiates from the lower back down to the legs, made worse by prolonged standing and sitting and even the simple act of coughing or sneezing may precipitate pain. A tingling sensation is often felt, coupled with numbness and muscle weakness in the legs. The patients are advised to refrain from bending backwards, avoid laughing too hard and take necessary measures to address constipation as all these may contribute to pain.
Diagnosis of Sciatica
Doctors make use of various diagnostic tools to detect the presence of sciatica. A thorough physical examination is usually performed and the patient’s medical history is ascertained prior to doing any other procedure. Afterwards, certain imaging techniques such as X-rays, Computed Tomography (CT) scan, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are utilized. The doctor may opt to request for further laboratory studies such as a complete blood count test, and urinalysis.
Treatment of Sciatica
Treatment options for sciatica range from home remedies to surgery, especially if sciatica is caused by bone problems. Home remedies typically involve the use of alternating cold packs and heating pads, massage, and observing proper body mechanics. Bed rest is advised, provided that it should not be longer than two days, since it was found out that it could actually worsen the condition. Doctors will most probably prescribe the use of pharmacologic medications such as ibuprofen or narcotics to help deal with the pain.