Hypothyroidism
What is Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is a medical condition characterized by an insufficiency in the production of thyroid hormone, usually brought about by inflammation, or removal, of the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones, composed of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are produced by the thyroid gland, a gland which is located at the anterior portion of the neck and is situated under the voice box. These hormones are responsible for regulating the rate of metabolic processes inside the body. An improperly functioning thyroid gland will not produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone, thus the metabolic rate slows down, causing the person to be excessively sleepy, sluggish and tired.
Causes of Hypothyroidism
Problems in the thyroid gland leading to hypothyroidism may be caused by a variety of factors. One perfect example is the presence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder where the immune system of the body attacks its own thyroid gland thereby damaging the cells inside it. Radiation treatments directed toward the neck area may also cause damage to the thyroid gland because of its location. When a part or the whole thyroid is removed, the amount of thyroid hormone production is also significantly affected.
Signs & Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
A patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism will usually complain of cold intolerance, body weakness, a feeling of extreme tiredness, heavy menses, painful joints and muscles, and difficulty in bowel movement (constipation). Signs such as dryness of the skin, brittle hair, fingernails that easily break, difficulty in concentration, and a slight increase in weight are very much evident. As the condition is left untreated, the patient will manifest later signs like a reduction in the ability to smell and taste, slowness of speech, puffy face and extremities, and hoarseness of the voice.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism
Diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with hypothyroidism are usually done by an endocrinologist. The doctor will typically perform a physical examination, noting for the signs and symptoms associated with the condition. Chest X-rays and laboratory tests will also be required. The laboratory test oftentimes include a complete blood count (CBC) test to detect for the presence of anemia, determine the level of cholesterol, as well as the levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans may also be utilized as a part of the diagnostic phase.
Treatment of hypothyroidism
Treatment of patients is geared toward replacing the thyroid hormone that appears to be lacking. A very popular drug, Levothyroxine, is usually prescribed to be taken for the rest of the patient’s life even if the signs and symptoms of the condition no longer exist. If the condition is left untreated, it may develop into its most severe form, Myxedema coma. Heart failure and severe depression are also possible complications associated with hypothyroidism.